明らかにする/漏らすd: The 10-second danger window when humans take 支援する 支配(する)/統制する of self-運動ing cars

  • University of Nottingham 手段d behaviour of 17 運転者s using the tech
  • They ブレーキd and 加速するd erratically 即座の after taking 支援する 支配(する)/統制する
  • 熟考する/考慮する also 観察するd the distracting 衝撃 of having a 乗客 onboard?

運転者s will soon be 株ing the road with other cars that are 運動ing themselves.

With 自動化するd 小道/航路 Keeping Systems (ALKS) already (疑いを)晴らすd for use on Britain's motorways and the?自動化するd 乗り物s 行為/法令/行動する receiving 王室の Assent earlier this year, 乗り物s with more 前進するd self-運動ing tech could be here as 早期に as 2026.

It will 許す for drivers to take their 注目する,もくろむs off the road to engage in different 仕事s, though 支配するs will 要求する for them to take 支援する 支配(する)/統制する when 誘発するd to do so.

Yet a new 熟考する/考慮する has 明らかにする/漏らすd that the first 10 seconds when humans are 支援する in 告発(する),告訴(する)/料金 of cars will be the most dangerous as it 設立する drivers behave more erratically during this window.??

A new study has revealed that the 10 second period after a motorist takes back control from self-driving vehicle technology is potentially the most dangerous

A new 熟考する/考慮する has 明らかにする/漏らすd that the 10 second period after a 運転者 takes 支援する 支配(する)/統制する from self-運動ing 乗り物 科学(工学)技術 is 潜在的に the most dangerous?

This is によれば a new 熟考する/考慮する carried out by the University of Nottingham on に代わって of the RAC 創立/基礎 road safety charity.

It 手段d the behaviour of 17 運転者s, each …を伴ってd by a 前線 seat 乗客, who made a number of trips in a 運動ing simulator programmed to 代表する a いわゆる 'Level 3' 自動化するd 乗り物.

ALKS is a 構成要素 of Level 3 automation (there are six levels in total), meaning this 科学(工学)技術 is already in use in Britain.

There are six levels of vehicle automation. Level 3 is currently the highest legally allowed on UK roads today

There are six levels of 乗り物 automation. Level 3 is 現在/一般に the highest 合法的に 許すd on UK roads today

The Automated Vehicles Act could see fully self-driving tech from 2026, ministers have said

The 自動化するd 乗り物s 行為/法令/行動する could see fully self-運動ing tech from 2026, 大臣s have said

The Automated Vehicles Act has been enacted into law and will deliver the legal framework for the safe deployment of self-driving vehicles across Britain within two years

The 自動化するd 乗り物s 行為/法令/行動する has been 制定するd into 法律 and will 配達する the 合法的な 枠組み for the 安全な (軍隊などの)展開,配備 of self-運動ing 乗り物s across Britain within two years

研究員s 観察するd that 'vehicular 支配(する)/統制する during the ten seconds すぐに after 再開するing 手動式の 運動ing was 一般に poor in the 事例/患者 of all 関係者s'.

It 追加するd: 'The drivers were seen ブレーキing and 加速するing erratically, and wavering in their 小道/航路s in the 即座の 影響 of taking 支援する 手動式の 支配(する)/統制する of the 乗り物.'

The 熟考する/考慮する team believe that in some 事例/患者s these 誇張するd inputs into the pedals and steering wheel might have been the driver 論証するing to 'their 乗客 that they were now in 支配(する)/統制する'.

答える/応じるing to the findings, Steve Gooding, director of the RAC 創立/基礎, said: 'Unfortunately, this 熟考する/考慮する ? like the ones we 以前 (売買)手数料,委託(する)/委員会/権限d ? show that the handover 過程 between human and machine is いっそう少なく than smooth and far from quick, raising serious questions as to whether this sort of 中間の 科学(工学)技術 will ever become commonplace, let alone 安全な.

'合間 the 移行 to a world where the driver of the car becomes the 乗客 at least some of the time raises important questions about the human-machine interface.'?

The research was carried out by the University of Nottingham on behalf of the RAC Foundation. It required 17 drivers (each with a passenger) to complete three routes using semi-autonomous technology

The 研究 was carried out by the University of Nottingham on に代わって of the RAC 創立/基礎. It 要求するd 17 drivers (each with a 乗客) to 完全にする three 大勝するs using 半分-自治権のある 科学(工学)技術

乗客s in 半分-自治権のある cars could 改善する safety

Most 熟考する/考慮するs carried out to 実験(する) the 有効性 of 自治権のある 乗り物 tech are based on a driver 存在 alone in the car. But not this one.?

関係者s were asked to 完全にする three different 旅行s across three days, all of them with a 乗客 onboard.

And the 報告(する)/憶測 設立する that having another person inside the 乗り物 could 改善する safety.

Their presence was 設立する to '改善する drivers’ 焦点(を合わせる) on the road and help them to decide when 手動式の 支配(する)/統制する is needed in self-運動ing 乗り物s'.?

Having a 前線 seat 乗客 also helped 妨げる drivers from 落ちるing asleep, the 熟考する/考慮する (人命などを)奪う,主張するs.

However, their presence also created more distractions during the periods when the 乗り物 was 運動ing itself.

Occupants spent a lot of time in conversation with each other and on their tech ? predominantly smartphones ? often showing one another the content.?

Some pairs watched films together and even played online chess against each other whilst the car was 運動ing.

Having a front seat passenger helped prevent drivers from falling asleep, the study claims

Having a 前線 seat 乗客 helped 妨げる drivers from 落ちるing asleep, the 熟考する/考慮する (人命などを)奪う,主張するs

A passenger's presence also created more distractions during the periods when the vehicle was driving itself. Occupants spent a lot of time in conversation with each other and on their tech ? predominantly smartphones ? often showing one another the content. One pair even played an online game of chess against one another

A 乗客's presence also created more distractions during the periods when the 乗り物 was 運動ing itself. Occupants spent a lot of time in conversation with each other and on their tech ? predominantly smartphones ? often showing one another the content. One pair even played an online game of chess against one another

On more than one occasion (5 out of 17 instances), the pair was so 吸収するd in their activities during the self-運動ing 部分 of the 大勝する that they 行方不明になるd their pre-決定するd 出口 junction from the motorway.

Who will 合法的に be held responsible if a self-運動ing car 衝突,墜落s?

The 法律 (売買)手数料,委託(する)/委員会/権限's 提案 published in 2022 輪郭(を描く)d 計画(する)s for the 合法的な 枠組み to consider 運転者s 異なって when 自動化するd 運動ing features are in 操作/手術.

When a self-運動ing system is active, it recommends that a human in the driver's seat should 合法的に become a '使用者-in-告発(する),告訴(する)/料金' - and would 避ける 起訴 if the 乗り物 運動s itself 危険に or 原因(となる)s a 衝突,墜落.

This would mean 免疫 from a wide 範囲 of offences, such as 越えるing 速度(を上げる) 限界s and running red lights when the self-運動ing feature is in 操作/手術.

Instead, the company or 団体/死体 that 得るd the authorisation for the 科学(工学)技術's use would become an 'Authorised Self-運動ing (独立の)存在' (ADSE) and be held 責任がある the car's 活動/戦闘s in the 注目する,もくろむs of the 法律.

に引き続いて a 衝突/不一致, the ASDE would be 要求するd to work with a regulatory 団体/死体, in order to 避ける repeat occurrences by 供給するing data to understand who was at fault and where 義務/負債 lies.

The ADSE could also 直面する 許可/制裁s if regulators みなす necessary.

A 使用者-in-告発(する),告訴(する)/料金 would still be 要求するd to 保持する some 義務s, such as 持つ/拘留するing a 運動ing licence, having 保険 and 確実にするing occupants are wearing seatbelts. And they will have to remain within the drink-運動 限界.

Dr David R Large, 上級の 研究 Fellow at the Human Factors 研究 Group at the University of Nottingham, said: 'The presence of 乗客s has been shown to distract drivers during 手動式の 運動ing, so this 熟考する/考慮する 許すd us to identify whether the same could be said for 条件付きの automation.

'Our 熟考する/考慮する 最高潮の場面d the distraction that 乗客s continue to 提起する/ポーズをとる inside these 乗り物s, but also the value they can 申し込む/申し出.?We 観察するd 乗客s 供給するing help and 援助 to drivers during 手動式の 引き継ぎ/買収s of the 乗り物s, and 株ing the 責任/義務 of keeping the 焦点(を合わせる) on the road when needed.'

On 20 May 2024 the 自動化するd 乗り物 法案 became 法律, 覆うing the way for fully 自治権のある cars on UK roads.

The 法律制定 配達するs 'the most 包括的な 合法的な 枠組み of its 肉親,親類d 世界的な' for the 安全な (軍隊などの)展開,配備 of self-運動ing 乗り物s in Britain, によれば the Department for 輸送(する).

Former 輸送(する) 長官 示す Harper said the 科学(工学)技術 will be 'a real 上げる to both safety and our economy', 潜在的に 打ち明けるing an 産業 概算の to be 価値(がある) up to £42billion and that could create 38,000 職業s by 2035.

It 輪郭(を描く)s that drivers should be considered as '使用者s in 告発(する),告訴(する)/料金' when self-運動ing tech is 活動させる/戦時編成するd and therefore not responsible if a 衝突,墜落 takes place. Culpability would instead 嘘(をつく) with the 乗り物 or 自治権のある tech 製造業者.?

However, 専門家s say 第2位 法律制定 is still 要求するd ーするために アイロンをかける out 義務/負債 問題/発行するs if 衝突/不一致s occur 同様に as the 脅し of cybersecurity 違反s.

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